Western Intellectual Racism

The following quotations are taken from a variety of intellectual sources central to the Western tradition of thought since the Enlightenment.  I hope they indicate that racism is not simply the product of cranks and ne'er-do-wells, but has in fact been central to Western thinking since it's inception.  I am indebted to Henry Louis Gates for pointing out these quotations to me some time ago.
 



David Hume, 1754--

I am apt to suspect the negroes, and in general all the other species of men (for there are four or five different kinds) to be naturally inferior to the whites.  There never was a civilized nation of any other complexion than white, nor even any individual eminent either in action or speculation.  No ingenious manufacturers amongst them, no arts, no sciences.  On the other hand, the most rude and barbarous of the whites, such as the ancient Germans, the present Tartars, have still something eminent about hem, in their valour, form of government, or some other particular.
 

Such a uniform and constant difference could not happen, in so many countries and ages, if nature had not made an original distinction betwixt these breeds of men.  Not to mention our colonies, there are negroe slaves dispersed all over Europe, of which none ever discovered any symptoms of ingenuity; tho' low people, without education, will start up amongst us, and distinguish themselves in every profession.  In Jamaica indeed they talk of one negroe as a man of parts and learning [Francis Williams]; but ‘tis likely he is admired for every slender accomplishment, like a parrot, who speaks a few words plainly.
 



Immanuel Kant, 1764--

The Negroes of Africa have by nature no feeling that rises above the trifling.  Mr. Hume challenges anyone to cite a single example in which a Negro has shown talents, and asserts that among the hundreds of thousands of blacks who are transported elsewhere from the countries, although many of them have been set free, still not a single one was ever found who presented anything great in art or science of any other praise-worthy quality, even though among the whites some continually rise aloft from the lowest rabble, and through superior gifts earn respect in the world.  So fundamental is the difference between these races of man, and it appears to be as great in regard to mental capacities as in color.  The religion of fetishes so widespread among them is perhaps a sort of idolatry that sinks as deeply into the trifling as appears to be possible to human nature.  A bird feather, a cow's horn, a conch shell, or any other common object, as soon as it becomes consecrated by a few words, is an object of veneration and of invocation in swearing oathes.  The blacks are very vain but in the Negro's way, and so talkative that they must be driven apart from each other with thrashings.

***

 . . .  In the lands of the black, what better can one expect than what is found prevailing, namely the feminine sex in the deepest slavery?  A despairing man is always a strict master over anyone weaker, just as with us that man is always a tyrant in the kitchen who outside his own house hardly dares to look anyone in the face.  Of course, Father Labat reports that a Negro carpenter, whom he reproached for haughty treatment toward his wives, answered: "You whites are indeed fools, for first you make great concessions to your wives, and afterward you complain when they drive you mad."  And it might be that there were something in this which perhaps deserved to be considered; but in short, this fellow was quite black from head to foot, a clear proof that what he said was stupid.
 
 


Thomas Jefferson, 1787--

Misery is often the parent of the most affecting touches in poetry.  Among the blacks is misery enough, God knows, but not poetry.  Love is the peculiar oestrum of the poet.  Their love is ardent, but it kindles the senses only, not the imagination.  Religion, indeed, has produced a Phillis Whately; but it could not produce a poet.  The compositions published under her name are below the dignity of criticism.
 
 


Freud, Standard Edition, Vol. 25, p. 212

But we need not feel ashamed of this distinction [that we know less about the sexual life of little girls than boys]; after all, the sexual life of adult women is a "dark continent" for psychology.
 
 


Paul DeMan, 1941--

Among the criteria thanks to which one can determine whether a certain geographic area merits the name of nation, one of the most important is the existence of specific culture, or, more precisely, of an art which belongs to the inhabitants of the country.  This is a primordial factor--itself resulting from a great quantity of historical, racic [raciques], etc. components--among all those that permit one to determine whether yes or no a people has a nationality worthy of being respected.
 

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